What is the role of a transformer in an electrical circuit?

The role of a transformer in an electrical circuit is to change voltage levels. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are designed to either increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) the voltage of alternating current (AC) signals. This ability to modify voltage levels is crucial for efficient power transmission and distribution.

When electricity is transmitted over long distances, it is essential to use high voltages to reduce energy loss due to resistance in the wires. Once the electricity reaches its destination, transformers lower the voltage to a safer, usable level for homes and businesses. This adjustment ensures that the system operates efficiently and safely, providing the necessary voltage to the end-user while minimizing energy loss during transmission.

In contrast, other options touch on different components and functions within electrical systems. While energy storage is typically handled by capacitors or batteries, the transformation of electric power into mechanical energy is the role of motors and generators. Additionally, current flow control is often managed by circuit breakers or resistors, highlighting that transformers specifically focus on voltage level modifications, which are fundamental to the functioning of electrical circuits in distribution networks.